The WS2812B RGB LED has been revised with new silicon (date codes from 2017), and an unannounced change that is breaking current code has happened: the reset time has gone from 50 microseconds to 300 microseconds according to the datasheet. There is a visible difference between the parts:
The difference between the old and the new controller IC is apparent: the old one is rectangular whereas the new variant is square.
Here is a page from the updated datasheet:
So in order to get these to work the new minimum reset time is 300 microseconds, check your code!